多项式扩张对于神经网络非线性的分析很重要。他们已应用于验证，解释性和安全性的众所周知的困难。现有方法跨度古典泰勒和切苯齐夫方法，渐近学和许多数值方法。我们发现，虽然这些单独具有有用的属性，如确切的错误公式，可调域和鲁棒性对未定义的衍生物，但没有提供一致方法，其具有所有这些属性的扩展。为解决此问题，我们开发了一个分析修改的积分变换扩展（AMITE），通过使用派生标准进行修改的整体变换的新型扩展。我们展示了一般的扩展，然后展示了两个流行的激活功能，双曲线切线和整流线性单位的应用。与本端使用的现有扩展（即Chebyshev，Taylor和Numerical）相比，Amite是第一个提供六个以前相互排斥的膨胀性能，例如系数的精确公式和精确的膨胀误差（表II）。我们展示了两种案例研究中Amite的有效性。首先，多变量多项式形式从单个隐藏层黑盒子多层Perceptron（MLP）有效地提取，以促进从嘈杂的刺激响应对的等效测试。其次，在3到7层之间的各种前馈神经网络（FFNN）架构是使用由Amite多项式和误差公式改善的泰勒模型的范围。 Amite呈现了一种新的扩展方法维度，适用于神经网络中的非线性的分析/近似，打开新的方向和机会，了解神经网络的理论分析和系统测试。

A "heart attack" or myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when an artery supplying blood to the heart is abruptly occluded. The "gold standard" method for imaging MI is Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), with intravenously administered gadolinium-based contrast (late gadolinium enhancement). However, no "gold standard" fully automated method for the quantification of MI exists. In this work, we propose an end-to-end fully automatic system (MyI-Net) for the detection and quantification of MI in MRI images. This has the potential to reduce the uncertainty due to the technical variability across labs and inherent problems of the data and labels. Our system consists of four processing stages designed to maintain the flow of information across scales. First, features from raw MRI images are generated using feature extractors built on ResNet and MoblieNet architectures. This is followed by the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) to produce spatial information at different scales to preserve more image context. High-level features from ASPP and initial low-level features are concatenated at the third stage and then passed to the fourth stage where spatial information is recovered via up-sampling to produce final image segmentation output into: i) background, ii) heart muscle, iii) blood and iv) scar areas. New models were compared with state-of-art models and manual quantification. Our models showed favorable performance in global segmentation and scar tissue detection relative to state-of-the-art work, including a four-fold better performance in matching scar pixels to contours produced by clinicians.

Migraine is a high-prevalence and disabling neurological disorder. However, information migraine management in real-world settings could be limited to traditional health information sources. In this paper, we (i) verify that there is substantial migraine-related chatter available on social media (Twitter and Reddit), self-reported by migraine sufferers; (ii) develop a platform-independent text classification system for automatically detecting self-reported migraine-related posts, and (iii) conduct analyses of the self-reported posts to assess the utility of social media for studying this problem. We manually annotated 5750 Twitter posts and 302 Reddit posts. Our system achieved an F1 score of 0.90 on Twitter and 0.93 on Reddit. Analysis of information posted by our 'migraine cohort' revealed the presence of a plethora of relevant information about migraine therapies and patient sentiments associated with them. Our study forms the foundation for conducting an in-depth analysis of migraine-related information using social media data.

We introduce hp-greedy, a refinement approach for building gravitational wave surrogates as an extension of the standard reduced basis framework. Our proposal is data-driven, with a domain decomposition of the parameter space, local reduced basis, and a binary tree as the resulting structure, which are obtained in an automated way. When compared to the standard global reduced basis approach, the numerical simulations of our proposal show three salient features: i) representations of lower dimension with no loss of accuracy, ii) a significantly higher accuracy for a fixed maximum dimensionality of the basis, in some cases by orders of magnitude, and iii) results that depend on the reduced basis seed choice used by the refinement algorithm. We first illustrate the key parts of our approach with a toy model and then present a more realistic use case of gravitational waves emitted by the collision of two spinning, non-precessing black holes. We discuss performance aspects of hp-greedy, such as overfitting with respect to the depth of the tree structure, and other hyperparameter dependences. As two direct applications of the proposed hp-greedy refinement, we envision: i) a further acceleration of statistical inference, which might be complementary to focused reduced-order quadratures, and ii) the search of gravitational waves through clustering and nearest neighbors.

The use of needles to access sites within organs is fundamental to many interventional medical procedures both for diagnosis and treatment. Safe and accurate navigation of a needle through living tissue to an intra-tissue target is currently often challenging or infeasible due to the presence of anatomical obstacles in the tissue, high levels of uncertainty, and natural tissue motion (e.g., due to breathing). Medical robots capable of automating needle-based procedures in vivo have the potential to overcome these challenges and enable an enhanced level of patient care and safety. In this paper, we show the first medical robot that autonomously navigates a needle inside living tissue around anatomical obstacles to an intra-tissue target. Our system leverages an aiming device and a laser-patterned highly flexible steerable needle, a type of needle capable of maneuvering along curvilinear trajectories to avoid obstacles. The autonomous robot accounts for anatomical obstacles and uncertainty in living tissue/needle interaction with replanning and control and accounts for respiratory motion by defining safe insertion time windows during the breathing cycle. We apply the system to lung biopsy, which is critical in the diagnosis of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. We demonstrate successful performance of our system in multiple in vivo porcine studies and also demonstrate that our approach leveraging autonomous needle steering outperforms a standard manual clinical technique for lung nodule access.

骨肉瘤是最常见的原发性骨癌，其标准治疗包括术前化疗，然后切除。化学疗法反应用于预测患者的预后和进一步治疗。坏死在切除标本上的组织学幻灯片通常评估了坏死比定义为坏死肿瘤与总体肿瘤之比。已知坏死比> = 90％的患者的预后更好。多个载玻片对坏死比的手动微观综述是半定量性的，并且可能具有观察者间和观察者间的变异性。我们提出了一种基于目标和可再现的深度学习方法，以估计坏死比，并从扫描的苏木精和曙红全幻灯片图像预测结果。我们以3134个WSI的速度收集了103例骨肉瘤病例，以训练我们的深度学习模型，验证坏死比评估并评估结果预测。我们训练了深层多磁化网络，以分割多个组织亚型，包括生存的肿瘤和像素级中的坏死肿瘤，并计算来自多个WSI的病例级坏死比。我们显示了通过分割模型估算的坏死比，高度与由专家手动评估的病理报告中的坏死比高度相关，其中IV级的平均绝对差异（100％），III（> = 90％）和II（> = 50％和<50％和< 90％）坏死反应分别为4.4％，4.5％和17.8％。我们成功地对患者进行了分层，以预测P = 10^-6的总生存率，而P = 0.012的无进展生存率。我们没有可变性的可重现方法使我们能够调整截止阈值，特别是用于模型和数据集的截止阈值，为OS的80％，PFS为60％。我们的研究表明，深度学习可以支持病理学家作为一种客观的工具，可以分析组织学中骨肉瘤，以评估治疗反应并预测患者结果。

最近提出了瑞利回归模型，用于建模合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像像素的振幅值。但是，此类模型的推论基于最大似然估计器，这可能会对较小的信号长度产生偏差。SAR图像的瑞利回归模型通常会考虑到小像素窗口，这可能导致结果不准确。在这封信中，我们介绍了基于以下方面的瑞利回归模型量身定制的偏置调整的估计器；（i）Cox和Snell的方法；（ii）FIRTH的计划；（iii）参数引导法。我们提出了考虑合成和实际SAR数据集的数值实验。偏置调整后的估计器产生几乎公正的估计和准确的建模结果。

在本文中，我们提出了一种方法，以最大程度地减少训练有素的卷积神经网络（Convnet）的计算复杂性。这个想法是要近似给定的Convnet的所有元素，并替换原始的卷积过滤器和参数（汇总和偏置系数；以及激活函数），并有效地近似计算复杂性。低复杂性卷积过滤器是通过基于Frobenius Norm的二进制（零）线性编程方案获得的，该方案在一组二元理性的集合上获得。最终的矩阵允许无乘法计算，仅需要添加和位移动操作。这样的低复杂性结构为低功率，高效的硬件设计铺平了道路。我们将方法应用于三种不同复杂性的用例中：（i）“轻”但有效的转换供面部检测（约有1000个参数）； （ii）另一个用于手写数字分类的（超过180000个参数）； （iii）一个明显更大的Convnet：Alexnet，$ \ $ \ $ 120万美元。我们评估了不同近似级别的各个任务的总体绩效。在所有考虑的应用中，都得出了非常低的复杂性近似值，以保持几乎相等的分类性能。

在本文中，我们提出了Beta自回归移动平均模型的五个预测间隔。该模型适用于在间隔$（0,1）$中假设值的建模和预测变量。提出的两个预测间隔是基于近似值，考虑到β分布的正态分布和分位功能。我们还考虑基于自举的预测间隔，即：（i）自举预测错误（BPE）间隔； （ii）偏置校正和加速度（BCA）预测间隔； （iii）基于两种不同的自举计划的引导程序预测值的分位数的百分位预测间隔。根据蒙特卡洛模拟评估了提出的预测间隔。 BCA预测间隔在评估的间隔中提供了最佳性能，显示出较低的覆盖率失真和较小的平均长度。我们应用了我们的方法来预测巴西S \ ao Paulo的Cantareira供水系统的水位。

我们介绍了泰德（Tidee），这是一种体现的代理，它根据学识渊博的常识对象和房间安排先验来整理一个无序场景。泰德（Tidee）探索家庭环境，检测到其自然位置的对象，渗透到它们的合理对象上下文，在当前场景中定位此类上下文，并重新定位对象。常识先验在三个模块中编码：i）检测到现象对象的视觉声音检测器，ii）对象和空间关系的关联神经图记忆，提出了对象重新定位的合理语义插座和表面，以及iii）引导代理商探索的可视搜索网络，以有效地将利益定位在当前场景中以重新定位对象。我们测试了在AI2THOR模拟环境中整理混乱的场景的潮汐。 Tidee直接从像素和原始深度输入中执行任务，而没有事先观察到同一房间，仅依靠从单独的一组培训房屋中学到的先验。人类对由此产生的房间进行重组的评估表明，泰德（Tidee）的表现优于该模型的消融版本，这些版本不使用一个或多个常识性先验。在相关的房间重新安排基准测试中，该基准使代理可以在重新排列前查看目标状态，我们的模型的简化版本大大胜过了最佳的方法，可以通过大幅度的差距。代码和数据可在项目网站上获得：https：//tidee-agent.github.io/。